用公益诉讼筑牢网售处方药安全堤坝******

时本

　　远程诊疗、网上开方、送药上门……随着互联网医疗的蓬勃发展，网上药店让消费者足不出户就能快速获取药物，然而由此带来的药品误用、滥用、过量服用事件也时有发生。药品安全非同儿戏，网上用药安全该如何保障？近日，最高人民检察院发布了一批药品安全公益诉讼典型案例，其中北京铁路运输检察院办理的督促整治网络平台药店违法销售处方药行政公益诉讼案，对保障用药安全问题进行了一系列探索。(1月9日《检察日报》)

　　“网上药店无处方销售处方药”“轻轻松松能买到12周以上用量的处方药”“药师审核形同虚设”“处方上没有执业药师的签字”……这些网售处方药乱象存在已久。即使《药品网络销售监督管理办法》于去年12月1日起正式实施，网络售药迎来强监管时代，但是问题也并未因此而得到根治，一些网上药店仍然存在“走过场式开方”等现象。

　　网售处方药乱象治理与监督的主体缺失、监督的积极性有时不算太高有关。处方药网售越便捷，销售成本就越低，销量也越大，线上药店和线上医生获取的利益就越多。在这种情况下，只要有机会，处方药随意网售的口子就可能会越开越大。一些消费者只图省事，把药品当成普通电商产品，看不到药品误服和滥用的风险，甚至认为网售处方药不应该管得太严。正因如此，网售处方药的供需双方，形成了事实上的“利益共同体”，他们都不愿意主动监督网售处方药乱象。

　　药监部门是网售处方药的法定监督主体，在治理网售处方药乱象中，发挥了很大作用，诸多网售处方药案件的查处，均是药监部门认真履行监督职责的结果。但也要看到，假如极少数药监部门慢作为或者不作为，网售处方药也会潜滋暗长，用药安全也就面临危机。关键是，互联网具有跨区域等特点，一地失守又将影响全局，一旦网售处方药乱象的危害波及全网，那么远在千里之外的消费者也会成为受害者。

　　倘若监管部门履职好坏全凭自觉，网售处方药乱象就不容易得到遏制。履职情况需要得到监督，在这方面，检察机关可以发挥重要作用。当检察机关发现网售处方药存在一些乱象后，可以通过向药监部门制发检察建议，督促药监部门认真履职。除此之外，检察机关还可作为整个消费群体的诉讼代理人，对于违法销售处方药的平台和个人展开诉讼。这类公益诉讼让维权和监督主体都更加明确，是治理网售处方药乱象不可多得的好方式，理应得到广泛推广。最高检推介这些典型案例，也是希望检察机关在这方面能够发挥更大作用。

　　网售处方药方便了民众求医问药，也使互联网医疗从此告别“有医无药”的困境。但与非处方药相比，处方药既有更强的治疗作用，也有更强的毒副作用。以前处方药在实体药店就存在随意销售等乱象，若想阻止这类乱象向线上蔓延，就得加大网售处方药乱象的治理力度，让包括药品安全公益诉讼在内的监督手段更丰富、更管用，方能让民众安心享有处方药网售带来的巨大便捷与实惠。

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.